Why sustainable disease management require? – Integrated plant disease management can be defined as a decision-based process involving coordinated use of multiple tactics for optimizing the control of pathogen in an ecological and economical way. A decision support system for cereal diseases and late blight of potatoes has been developed at the Chair of Phytopathology, Technische. The wheat and Barley Prognosis System has been in use for many years by the Bavarian official advisory service. It is based on an exact diagnosis and established biological thresholds influenced by weather. Principles of Plant Disease Control are following:
- Avoidance: prevents disease by selecting a time of the year or a site where there is no inoculums or where the environment is not favorable for infection.
- Exclusion: prevents the introduction of inoculums.
Eradication: eliminates, destroy, or inactivate the inoculums.- Protection: prevents infection by means of a toxicant or some other barrier to infection.
- Resistance: utilizes cultivars that are resistant to or tolerant of infection.
- Therapy: cure plants that are already infected.
However these practices also helpful to control field disease with BSc Agriculture Students under the course of introductory plant pathology. The integrated plant production turned out to be the only economic way of crop production in modern agriculture. This must be seen in context with the increase of agricultural running costs, especially fertilizers and pesticides. Therefore it has been necessary to reflect on decreasing running costs as well as to considerate the effects of these materials used on the environment. Horror scenarios on damages on the environment by these materials vanished, however, concern about possible environmental influences remained.
It has to be said that the development of a prognosis model against potato late blight is much more difficult than the one against cereal diseases. The presence of lots of papers concerned with potato late blight is well known. Meanwhile some prognosis models on the late blight are running with differing results. All models need providing to give effective results which may run up to about 95% probabilities.
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